Graphene oxide (GO) has been considered as one of the most promising biomaterials possessing biocompatibility and multi-functionality due to it’s unique geometry and functional residues. In this study, morphological and molecular analyses of epithelial cell behavior were carried out on graphene layers modified at various temperatures. The roughness of GO and reduced GO (rGO) layers was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cell behavior was macroscopically investigated by direct cell counting and cell viability assays. The adhesion of epithelial cells on GO and rGO surfaces was investigated by molecular immunofluorescence (F-actin and vinculin) and morphological measurements. The initial cell growth (within 24 h) on Graphene layer was affected by surface roughness whereas final number of cell proliferated for 72 h were not statistically different with various surface roughnesses. These results …​